人的价值
哪怕最小的选择，也会点亮整个大脑_我的网站
一 | 一项由国际合作团队创建的新小鼠脑数据集显示，决策过程会调动整个大脑的神经元活动。
二 |
As night falls over Southwest China's Chongqing Municipality, motorcycles begin to weave along Nanbin Road, with riders posing against the glittering skyline across the Yangtze River. Within seconds, the moving camera captures bridges, high-rises and riverside lights - creating a signature travel moment that has become known online as the "Chongqing Landing Visa."
The trend has now spread beyond Chinese social media. On Monday, French rider Valentin Debise, who competes in the World Supersport Championship on a Chinese-brand ZXMOTO, posted a video thanking Zhang Xue for taking him to experience the "Chongqing Landing Visa."
The "Chongqing Landing Visa" is not an actual visa, but a humorous nickname coined by netizens for a popular motorcycle photo-op in Chongqing. Visitors ride or pose with motorcycles at designated spots along Nanbin Road, using Chongqing's dazzling nighttime skyline as a backdrop, while performing a series of signature poses, such as stretching out their arms, making a heart gesture or being lifted into the air, to capture their own video of the mountain city.
The motorcycle photo-op, a playful trend created by Chinese netizens, has rapidly gained popularity this year, with related videos garnering more than 1.52 billion views. An increasing number of celebrities, influencers and foreign tourists have joined in.
"People like the 'Landing Visa' not simply because motorcycles are cool, but because it combines some of the most distinctive elements of Chongqing into a single frame - the mountains, the river, the night skyline and the city's sense of speed," Chongqing-based motorcycle blogger Yu Tiancheng told the Global Times. "Visitors don't need to understand any complicated cultural background. They just get on a motorcycle, set off, and can start enjoying the city within seconds."
"For first-time visitors to Chongqing, motorcycles offer a very direct way in," Yu noted. "You're not just standing there looking at Chongqing. You're actually riding into its nighttime scenery."
The appeal of the "Chongqing Landing Visa" is not limited to professional riders or social media influencers. Young travelers from overseas are also discovering Chongqing through its everyday urban life.
A lively city
Kim Yeon, a graduate student from South Korea, visited Chongqing during her summer vacation in August. She told the Global Times that she had watched numerous "cyberpunk" videos of Chongqing on social media before her trip, but what surprised her most after arriving was the city's vibrant nightlife.
"Even late at night, there are still so many people on the streets, and restaurants, shops and small street-side businesses remain lively. For young travelers, that atmosphere itself is part of the travel experience," she said.
She was particularly struck by how Chongqing's nightlife is woven into everyday life rather than concentrated around a single tourist attraction. "You can have something to eat at night, walk around, go to the riverside to see the night view. A lot of activities can continue well into the night," she said.
This nighttime energy also provides a natural setting for the "Chongqing Landing Visa."
After spending the day exploring the city, visitors can continue discovering Chongqing after dark through motorcycle rides, nighttime tours and street-level experiences.
The motorcycle photo-op is therefore more than a photo opportunity; it has become part of the way young travelers experience the city at night.
That helps explain why Chongqing is attracting more young visitors from overseas. In the first half of this year, Chongqing Jiangbei International Airport handled more than 1.48 million inbound and outbound passengers at its immigration checkpoint, up 39.5 percent year-on-year, the fastest growth among China's 10 largest airports, according to Chongqing municipal people's government.
Nearly 70,000 foreign travelers entered Chongqing in July alone, up 84.7 percent year-on-year, according to Chongqing city government.
More than a destination
As more overseas visitors come to see Chongqing as a city they can enjoy and experience well into the night, motorcycles, night views and street life are becoming more than just backdrops - they are becoming experiences that travelers actively take part in.
Yang Gen, from the Chongqing Municipal Development and Reform Commission, told the Global Times that Chongqing's unique landscape and urban development have created a naturally three-dimensional cityscape. "Many places here are themselves scenes that people can experience and capture on camera," he said.
In his view, what makes the "Chongqing Landing Visa" interesting is that it was not a tourism project designed by the city in advance. Instead, visitors discovered a location and created a new way to experience it themselves.
"After people filmed and shared their experiences, more visitors were drawn to the same places, creating a natural chain of communication and influence," Yang said.
"This kind of approach, in which visitors participate in creating content and then attract more visitors through that content, is something traditional tourism promotion can hardly fully replicate," he noted.
Behind this new form of communication is also a shift in the travel preferences of younger tourists.
According to Yang, the ability to participate, experience and create personal memories is becoming an increasingly important factor when young travelers choose destinations.
The rise of the "Chongqing Landing Visa" also shows how locally created travel experiences can spread beyond borders through social media. As more international visitors share their China travel experiences online, China is attracting growing attention overseas.
Tesla CEO Elon Musk recently posted on X that "more people should visit China," while his mother Maye Musk has repeatedly shared her positive experiences of traveling in China.
The story of Chongqing offers a glimpse into this growing interest. The motorcycle trend is more than a viral moment; it shows how Chinese cities are attracting visitors not only through landmarks, but also through unique everyday experiences.
。 “即便是可以说相对简单的决策，也会招募到非常多的大脑区域。”加州大学洛杉矶分校神经生物学教授、国际脑实验室（International Brain Laboratory，简称IBL）创始成员之一安妮·丘奇兰（Anne Churchland）说。 丘奇兰指出，传统的经典模型认为，基于视觉的决策活动路径是：从视觉丘脑传递到初级视觉皮层及其联络区，然后可能到达额叶皮层。但新的研究结果显示，“也许大脑中存在更多的并行处理，而不是我们原先以为的那种线性、逐层的电路结构。” 丘奇兰和其他科学家在2017年建立了IBL，这源于他们对以往小规模决策研究的挫折——那些研究往往一次只分析一两个脑区。IBL的目标是大规模地研究大脑如何整合信息并做出决策。“我们组成了一个大型团队，因为大家都意识到，只有集体的努力才能在这个长期困扰我们的研究问题上取得突破。”丘奇兰说。 经过多年努力，IBL团队在12个实验室间统一了研究方法与设备，最终绘制出了小鼠在执行决策任务时的全脑神经活动图谱。该图谱最近发表在《自然》[1]期刊上。结果显示，与选择和运动行为相关的神经活动几乎遍布整个大脑。同一团队发表的另一篇同期论文也发现，基于先验知识（prior knowledge）的决策过程同样涉及广泛的脑区[2]。 IBL的实验室通过整合来自139只完成视觉辨别任务小鼠的Neuropixels神经记录数据生成了这幅图谱。每个实验室记录的脑区不同，但合起来覆盖了整个大脑。
三 | 最终的数据集跨越了近300个脑区，包含超过62万个神经元的活动，是目前关于决策过程最丰富的数据集之一。未参与该研究的拉德堡德大学脑、认知与行为教授弗洛里斯·德·兰赫（Floris de Lange）评价道。
四 | IBL已将该数据集公开[3]。德·兰赫表示，这将让研究人员“能够以一种非常简便而强大的方式来检验新的科学假设”。 挑战传统观点 IBL选择了一种视觉行为任务——它足够复杂，可以揭示决策过程的不同方面，同时又足够简单，能够在不同实验室中重复实现。 在实验中，小鼠会看到一个带有黑白条纹的圆形图案出现在屏幕的左侧或右侧，然后它们需要转动一个微小的滚轮，将圆形移到屏幕中央。如果小鼠成功完成任务，就会获得一口水；如果失败，则会听到白噪声作为反馈。在此过程中，电极记录下小鼠从看到视觉提示、作出选择、转动滚轮，到最终获得水或噪声反馈时的大脑活动。 一旦动物看到视觉提示，大脑中一些可预测的区域（包括视觉皮层、丘脑和前额叶皮层）就会出现活动。 与选择相关的神经活动不仅出现在皮层区域（这与以往研究一致），还出现在下丘脑、后脑和小脑等皮层下区域。这一发现挑战了“只有少数特定脑区编码决策信息”的传统观点，支持了“决策相关信息在大脑中广泛分布”的新理念。
五 | “令人惊讶的是，几乎到处都能看到与选择有关的神经活动。”宾夕法尼亚大学的神经科学副研究教授Long Ding说道，他并未参与这项研究。 与运动和反馈相关的信号也遍布整个大脑：在记录的脑区中，有81%包含可以预测动物滚轮速度的信息；几乎所有被记录的脑区——包括那些与奖励无直接关联的区域——都能准确预测小鼠是否获得奖励，其中丘脑、中脑和后脑的活动最为强烈。 当小鼠在实验中更频繁地看到圆形出现在屏幕一侧时，它们会逐渐将这种“先验信息”融入下一次的决策之中。
六 | 研究团队在第二项研究中报告，这种信息广泛分布在大脑的20%至30%区域中，包括早期视觉通路中的感觉处理区域，如背外侧膝状体（dorsal lateral geniculate）。
七 | 这些发现推翻了长期以来的观点——即“先验信息”只会在最后一步才被整合到高级皮层或决策区的过程中。丘奇兰表示：“新的结果表明，先验信息在整个决策过程中都会发挥作用。” 总体而言，这些研究提示我们，目前关于决策机制及其控制脑区的模型可能过于局限，其他尚未探索的脑区也可能同样重要。
八 | 尽管分析表明，即使在感觉处理的早期阶段，大脑的分布式网络中也包含与决策相关的信息，但这并不意味着存在因果关系。Ding指出，未来的研究需要确定这些信息是如何被实际用于下一次决策或学习的。 德·兰赫指出，这一详尽的脑图为后续实验奠定了基础，并可能成为一个“资料库”，帮助神经科学家在自己的实验室中验证结果。
九 | 最终，这些研究强调了大规模、多实验室合作的重要性，尤其是在研究大脑活动时。 该国际合作组织如今已扩展至21个实验与理论神经科学实验室，并成立了一个名为IBL 2.0的新团队，计划与新的合作伙伴共享他们积累的工具与经验。丘奇兰表示：“我希望我们的研究能说明，当更多人联合起来时，他们能完成超越单个实验室能力的工作，并为整个领域带来关键性的洞见。
十 | ” 参考文献： [1] International Brain Laboratory.， Angelaki， D.， Benson， B. et al. A brain-wide map of neural activity during complex behaviour. Nature 645， 177–191 (2025). [2] Findling， C.， Hubert， F.， International Brain Laboratory. et al. Brain-wide representations of prior information in mouse decision-making. Nature 645， 192–200 (2025). [3] https://viz.internationalbrainlab.org/ 原文：https://www.thetransmitter.org/decision-making/everything-everywhere-all-at-once-decision-making-signals-engage-entire-brain/ 本文来自微信公众号：神经现实，作者：Claudia López Lloreda，译者：EY。
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